: Through decisive victories at battles like Morgarten (1315) and Sempach (1386) , the Confederacy expanded to include city-states like Lucerne , Zurich , and Bern .
: After the collapse of Roman authority, Germanic tribes like the Alamanni (northeast) and Burgundians (west) settled in the region, creating the distinct German-French language border that exists today. 2. The Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798) A Concise History of Switzerland
Switzerland's history is a unique evolution from a loose medieval defensive alliance into a modern, highly stable federal state defined by neutrality and direct democracy. 1. Early History and Roman Influence : Through decisive victories at battles like Morgarten