: The term is also found in literature, such as Robert Rankin’s fantasy novel The Antipope .
: Some fringe groups, such as "Benevacantists," claim current popes like Francis are invalid, effectively calling them antipopes based on disputes over papal resignations. antipope
: Small traditionalist groups occasionally elect their own "popes" (such as the late Pope Michael ), though they lack the significant following or political recognition of historical antipopes. : The term is also found in literature,
: Most historians and the Vatican's official directory recognize approximately 37 antipopes throughout history. : Most historians and the Vatican's official directory
: Saint Hippolytus of Rome is generally cited as the first, reigning in opposition to Pope Callixtus I starting in A.D. 217.
: Confusion or illegalities during a papal election (conclave) could lead to multiple people claiming the seat. Modern Usage