"Shenandoah" (also known as "Across the Wide Missouri") is a traditional folk song dating back to the early 19th century. Its lyrics have evolved over two centuries:

: A lush mix of violins, banjo, Hammond B3 organ, accordion, and a full horn section (tuba, saxophone, trumpet, and trombone).

: By the mid-1800s, it became a popular sea shanty among sailors worldwide.

Critics and fans alike have noted the "anthemic, yet acoustic" quality of this specific version. Unlike traditional, more somber takes on the song, Springsteen’s arrangement:

: It likely originated with fur traders traveling the Missouri River.

: Prominent contributions from Patti Scialfa , Soozie Tyrell, and other band members. Musical Interpretation

: It begins sparsely and gradually builds in intensity, mirroring the "rolling river" described in the lyrics.

: Fans have described the performance as "perfect" for heavy emotional moments, such as sea burials, due to its deep connection to American heritage. Song Origins