The majority of casualties did not die in combat, but from diseases like cholera, typhus, and dysentery, exacerbated by poor sanitation [5.20, 5.23].
A long, drawn-out siege of the main Russian naval base. The city finally fell in September 1855, marking a turning point [5.10, 5.27].
Russian expansionism, decline of the Ottoman Empire ("Sick Man of Europe"), and disputes over holy sites in Palestine [5.1, 5.6]. Crimean War
It was the first conflict with rapid news reporting, as journalists like William Howard Russell reported from the frontlines using the telegraph [5.14, 5.21]. 4. Legacy and Consequences
Britain and France feared Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and intervened to maintain the balance of power [5.1, 5.6]. 2. Major Military Actions The majority of casualties did not die in
While fighting occurred in the Balkans and the Baltic, the focus shifted to Crimea in September 1854 [5.8].
Russian defeat; Crimean peninsula neutralized (Black Sea closed to warships); territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire maintained [5.10, 5.27]. 1. Origins and Causes Russian expansionism, decline of the Ottoman Empire ("Sick
Allied forces landed in September 1854 and successfully defeated the Russians at the Battle of the Alma [5.15].