Development of specific spiritual "paths" or systems of discipline under a master ( sheikh ).
The search query points specifically to the classic academic work (Russian title: "Суфийские ордены в исламе" ) by the British scholar J. Spencer Trimingham . First published in 1971, this book remains a foundational text for understanding the historical development and organizational structure of Sufi brotherhoods ( tariqas ). Overview of the Work Development of specific spiritual "paths" or systems of
Trimingham’s study shifts the focus from Sufi philosophy and individual mysticism to the of the movement. He categorizes the history of Sufism into three distinct stages: Development of specific spiritual "paths" or systems of