Dye -

: A crucial step to ensure color fastness. Common mordants include potash alum , salt , or white vinegar .

: Turmeric (yellow/orange), blueberries (blue/purple), and red cabbage (red/pink). : A crucial step to ensure color fastness

: Garments should be pre-washed and may require a tannin soak (e.g., using avocado pits) to enhance color longevity. 3. Synthetic & Industrial Dyeing : Garments should be pre-washed and may require

Dyes are colored organic compounds that impart color to materials like textiles, paper, leather, and plastics. For a substance to effectively act as a dye, it must absorb light in the visible region and be able to fix itself to fabrics through physical or chemical bonding. For a substance to effectively act as a

: Materials are typically boiled in water for 30–60 minutes to extract the pigment. The liquid is then filtered before immersing the fabric.

Industrial processes often involve specific chemical classes and strictly controlled environments.

This report outlines the essential components and procedures for dye preparation and application, ranging from home-based natural methods to industrial standards.