: Emphasizing return-path management , avoiding split reference planes, and using stitching vias to maintain low-impedance ground paths.
: Concentrating on the Power Distribution Network (PDN) and Signal Distribution Network (SDN) to ensure reliable energy and data flow.
: Use of hybrid methods (field-circuit) to simulate complex interactions. Common algorithms include the Method of Moments (MoM) , Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) , and the Finite Element Method (FEM) .
Most comprehensive texts and reviews on the subject, such as those by or Darney , structure the topic around these core pillars:
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