These are the high-level blueprints. They define the fundamental structure of your entire system. (Example: MVC or Model-View-Controller, which keeps your data separate from your user interface).
You don’t need to memorize every pattern ever invented. Start by looking at the (organizing code by responsibility) or the Broker pattern (used in distributed systems). Once you see how these patterns solve real-world headaches, the "Pattern-Oriented" mindset will start to feel like second nature. Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture for Dummies
These are mid-level solutions that help different parts of your code talk to each other without making a mess. (Example: The Observer pattern, which lets one part of your app "watch" another for changes). These are the high-level blueprints