: The study suggests that while environmental cues are important, there is a likely genetic basis or a rapid evolutionary shift occurring in captive populations that "breaks" the migratory strand in their behavioral biology.
: This research is frequently cited in discussions about the "phenotypic costs of captivity," illustrating how human intervention and artificial rearing can inadvertently strip a species of complex survival behaviors like long-distance migration. Where to Find the Article strand & tenger
: The findings are summarized in broader biological reviews, such as "The phenotypic costs of captivity" in Biological Reviews , which uses the Tenger-Trolander study to highlight how captive-bred individuals lose key behavioral traits. : The study suggests that while environmental cues
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The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews