Structural Equation Models: From Paths To Networks -

The book frames SEM methodologies within their proper historical context to help researchers understand the specific strengths and weaknesses of different methods.

: Contemporary methods that expand SEM's ability to map complex, naturally occurring networks. Key Technical Insights

(2019) by J. Christopher Westland is a concise reference that explores the evolution and application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It is unique for showcasing a wide range of methodologies—from historical path analysis to modern neural network-based approaches—rather than focusing on just one school of thought. Core Themes and Historical Context

: Chapters 4 and 5 provide detailed guidelines for data preparation and sample size calculations when using Likert scales instead of continuous metrics.

: Often associated with software like LISREL or Mplus .

Westland places a strong emphasis on research design and data adequacy, addressing topics often neglected in standard "cookbook" textbooks.